Ices in planet-forming disks: Self-consistent ice opacities in disk models

Aditya M. Arabhavi, Peter Woitke, Stephanie M. Cazaux +3

In cold and shielded environments, molecules freeze out on dust grain surfaces to form ices such as H2O, CO, CO2, CH4, CH3OH, and NH3. In protoplanetary disks, the exact radial and…