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cs.CL2026
A scaling law of contextual persistence in human language
Elan Barenholtz
Human language exhibits lawful structure at the level of words (frequency, vocabulary growth) and word pairs (co-occurrence across distance). Here we show that the arrangement of w…
cs.CL2026
Trajectory Dynamics in Language Model Hidden States Predict Human Processing Costs Beyond Surprisal
Elan Barenholtz
Human language comprehension unfolds sequentially: each word is processed in the context of those that came before, and the interpretation builds incrementally over time. Surprisal…
cs.CL2026
World Properties without World Models: Distributional Associations and the Interpretation of Decoding Results from Language Models
Elan Barenholtz
A growing literature shows that variables can be linearly decoded from the activations of large language models (LLMs). These range from properties of the world, such as the locati…