5 papers
The Cost of Lunar South-Polar Geometry, and Surface Beacons as the Efficient Fix: A Dilution-of-Precision Analysis
Chakshu Baweja
Lunar PNT architectures, NASA's Lunar Augmented Navigation Service (LANS), ESA's Moonlight, and allied concepts, place a small number of satellites in elliptical lunar frozen orbit…
Earth-baseline VLBI restores the observability of a lunar surface station in joint orbit-and-clock determination
Chakshu Baweja
Lunar positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) is moving from concept to hardware, ESA's Moonlight/LCNS, NovaMoon reference stations, LunaNet, and Coordinated Lunar Time, all redu…
A Conditional Timing Protection Level: Holdover-Limited Undetected Time Error Under GNSS Spoofing
Chakshu Baweja
A GNSS timing receiver under spoofing has no nominal-geometry fault for position-domain RAIM to bound: the threat is a slow, common-mode pull of served clock time that the receiver…
Anticipating the Optimism Gap: Predicting Distribution-Shift Degradation of RF-Impairment Detectors from In-Distribution Statistics
Chakshu Baweja
Detectors for GNSS radio-frequency impairments (jamming, spoofing, multipath) are usually reported with a single AUC measured on the distribution they were tuned on. That number fa…
How Stable Is a PNT Resilience Score? Decision-Instability of Single-Number Resilience Ratings under Framework-Aligned Weighting
Chakshu Baweja
Authoritative positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) resilience frameworks (the DHS Resilient PNT Conformance Framework, RPCF, and peers) define what resilience means but supply…