On Hofstadter butterfly spectrum: Chern-Simons theory, subband gap mapping, IQHE and FQHE labelling

F. A. Buot, G. Maglasang, A. R. Elnar +1

The magnetic field affects the Bloch band structure in a couple of ways. First it breaks the Bloch band into magnetic subbands or the Landau levels are broadened into magnetic Bloc…