The cardinality of orthogonal exponentials of planar self-affine measures with three-element digit sets

Ming-Liang Chen, Jing-Cheng Liu

In this paper, we consider the planar self-affine measures ${\mu }_{M,D}$ generated by an expanding matrix $M\in M_2(\mathbb{Z})$ and an integer digit set $ D=\left\{ {\left( {\begin{ar…