Electric-magnetic duality as a quantum operator and more symmetries of $U(1)$ gauge theory

Hobin Lee, Sanghoon Han, Hyein Yoon +2

We promote the Noether charge of the electric-magnetic duality symmetry of $U(1)$ gauge theory, "$G$" to a quantum operator. We construct ladder operators, $D_{(\pm )a}^{†}(k)$…