A novel approach to determining chromatic number induced by labelings

Gee-Choon Lau, Wai Chee Shiu, Zhen Bin Gao

Given a simple graph $G=(V,E)$ of order $p$ and size $q$, a bijection $f:V\cup E\to \{1,2,\dots ,p+q\}$ is a local total neighborhood antimagic labeling of $G$ if the induced…