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20212026
most citedChatGLM: A Family of Large Language Models from GLM-130B to GLM-4 All Tools

180 citations · 286 across the 91 of their papers we have counts for

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cs.CL2026

HoWToBench: Holistic Evaluation for LLM's Capability in Human-level Writing using Tree of Writing

Andrew Zhuoer Feng, Cunxiang Wang, Yu Luo +7

Evaluating the writing capabilities of large language models (LLMs) remains a significant challenge due to the multidimensional nature of writing skills and the limitations of exis…

cs.CL2026

IF-RewardBench: Benchmarking Judge Models for Instruction-Following Evaluation

Bosi Wen, Yilin Niu, Cunxiang Wang +5

Instruction-following is a foundational capability of large language models (LLMs), with its improvement hinging on scalable and accurate feedback from judge models. However, the r…

cs.CL2026

RLAR: An Agentic Reward System for Multi-task Reinforcement Learning on Large Language Models

Andrew Zhuoer Feng, Cunxiang Wang, Bosi Wen +4

Large language model alignment via reinforcement learning depends critically on reward function quality. However, static, domain-specific reward models are often costly to train an…

cs.CL2026

RAVEL: Reasoning Agents for Validating and Evaluating LLM Text Synthesis

Andrew Zhuoer Feng, Cunxiang Wang, Yu Luo +9

Large Language Models have evolved from single-round generators into long-horizon agents, capable of complex text synthesis scenarios. However, current evaluation frameworks lack t…

cs.CL2026

The Missing Half: Unveiling Training-time Implicit Safety Risks Beyond Deployment

Zhexin Zhang, Yida Lu, Junfeng Fang +8

Safety risks of AI models have been widely studied at deployment time, such as jailbreak attacks that elicit harmful outputs. In contrast, safety risks emerging during training rem…

cs.CL2025

IF-CRITIC: Towards a Fine-Grained LLM Critic for Instruction-Following Evaluation

Bosi Wen, Yilin Niu, Cunxiang Wang +6

Instruction-following is a fundamental ability of Large Language Models (LLMs), requiring their generated outputs to follow multiple constraints imposed in input instructions. Nume…

cs.CL2025

Think Socially via Cognitive Reasoning

Jinfeng Zhou, Zheyu Chen, Shuai Wang +4

LLMs trained for logical reasoning excel at step-by-step deduction to reach verifiable answers. However, this paradigm is ill-suited for navigating social situations, which induce…

cs.CL2025★ 1 cited

When Smiley Turns Hostile: Interpreting How Emojis Trigger LLMs' Toxicity

Shiyao Cui, Xijia Feng, Yingkang Wang +6

Emojis are globally used non-verbal cues in digital communication, and extensive research has examined how large language models (LLMs) understand and utilize emojis across context…

cs.CL2025★ 4 cited

GLM-4.5: Agentic, Reasoning, and Coding (ARC) Foundation Models

5 Team, Aohan Zeng, Xin Lv +167

We present GLM-4.5, an open-source Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language model with 355B total parameters and 32B activated parameters, featuring a hybrid reasoning method that s…

cs.CL2025

InvestAlign: Overcoming Data Scarcity in Aligning Large Language Models with Investor Decision-Making Processes under Herd Behavior

Huisheng Wang, Zhuoshi Pan, Hangjing Zhang +3

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with investor decision-making processes under herd behavior is a critical challenge in behavioral finance, which grapples with a fundamental l…

cs.CL2025★ 5 cited

SocialSim: Towards Socialized Simulation of Emotional Support Conversation

Zhuang Chen, Yaru Cao, Guanqun Bi +6

Emotional support conversation (ESC) helps reduce people's psychological stress and provide emotional value through interactive dialogues. Due to the high cost of crowdsourcing a l…

cs.CL2025

SocialEval: Evaluating Social Intelligence of Large Language Models

Jinfeng Zhou, Yuxuan Chen, Yihan Shi +13

LLMs exhibit promising Social Intelligence (SI) in modeling human behavior, raising the need to evaluate LLMs' SI and their discrepancy with humans. SI equips humans with interpers…

cs.CL2025

Be Careful When Fine-tuning On Open-Source LLMs: Your Fine-tuning Data Could Be Secretly Stolen!

Zhexin Zhang, Yuhao Sun, Junxiao Yang +4

Fine-tuning on open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) with proprietary data is now a standard practice for downstream developers to obtain task-specific LLMs. Surprisingly, we re…

cs.CL2025

How Should We Enhance the Safety of Large Reasoning Models: An Empirical Study

Zhexin Zhang, Xian Qi Loye, Victor Shea-Jay Huang +8

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved remarkable success on reasoning-intensive tasks such as mathematics and programming. However, their enhanced reasoning capabilities do n…

cs.CL2025★ 1 cited

Crisp: Cognitive Restructuring of Negative Thoughts through Multi-turn Supportive Dialogues

Jinfeng Zhou, Yuxuan Chen, Jianing Yin +9

Cognitive Restructuring (CR) is a psychotherapeutic process aimed at identifying and restructuring an individual's negative thoughts, arising from mental health challenges, into mo…

cs.CL2025★ 1 cited

LongSafety: Evaluating Long-Context Safety of Large Language Models

Yida Lu, Jiale Cheng, Zhexin Zhang +7

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to advance in understanding and generating long sequences, new safety concerns have been introduced through the long context. However, the…

cs.CL2025

AISafetyLab: A Comprehensive Framework for AI Safety Evaluation and Improvement

Zhexin Zhang, Leqi Lei, Junxiao Yang +13

As AI models are increasingly deployed across diverse real-world scenarios, ensuring their safety remains a critical yet underexplored challenge. While substantial efforts have bee…

cs.CL2025

HPSS: Heuristic Prompting Strategy Search for LLM Evaluators

Bosi Wen, Pei Ke, Yufei Sun +6

Since the adoption of large language models (LLMs) for text evaluation has become increasingly prevalent in the field of natural language processing (NLP), a series of existing wor…

cs.CL2025

Parametric Retrieval Augmented Generation

Weihang Su, Yichen Tang, Qingyao Ai +6

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) techniques have emerged as a promising solution to enhance the reliability of large language models (LLMs) by addressing issues like hallucinat…

cs.CL2024

CharacterBench: Benchmarking Character Customization of Large Language Models

Jinfeng Zhou, Yongkang Huang, Bosi Wen +13

Character-based dialogue (aka role-playing) enables users to freely customize characters for interaction, which often relies on LLMs, raising the need to evaluate LLMs' character c…

cs.CL2024

Does RLHF Scale? Exploring the Impacts From Data, Model, and Method

Zhenyu Hou, Pengfan Du, Yilin Niu +7

This study explores the scaling properties of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) in Large Language Models (LLMs). Although RLHF is considered an important step in po…

cs.CL2024★ 3 cited

Agent-SafetyBench: Evaluating the Safety of LLM Agents

Zhexin Zhang, Shiyao Cui, Yida Lu +4

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents, their integration into interactive environments and tool use introduce new safety challenges beyond those assoc…

cs.CL2024

SPaR: Self-Play with Tree-Search Refinement to Improve Instruction-Following in Large Language Models

Jiale Cheng, Xiao Liu, Cunxiang Wang +7

Instruction-following is a fundamental capability of language models, requiring the model to recognize even the most subtle requirements in the instructions and accurately reflect…

cs.CL2024

Unlocking Reasoning Potential in Large Langauge Models by Scaling Code-form Planning

Jiaxin Wen, Jian Guan, Hongning Wang +2

Despite the remarkable success of large language models (LLMs) on traditional natural language processing tasks, their planning ability remains a critical bottleneck in tackling co…