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20212026
most citedBenchmarking Large Language Models in Retrieval-Augmented Generation

53 citations · 266 across the 113 of their papers we have counts for

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cs.CL2026

From Sequence to Structure: Relational Uncertainty Propagation for LLM Agents

Zhengzhao Ma, Boxi Cao, Yaojie Lu +3

Reliable uncertainty quantification (UQ) is essential for deploying large language model (LLM) agents in complex interactive environments. Existing UQ methods largely rely on local…

cs.CL2026

Knowing When to Quit: Diagnosing and Training LLMs to Abort Futile Reasoning

Xinyan Guan, Jiali Zeng, Chunlei Xin +5

Large language models generate computationally expensive yet semantically void reasoning on beyond-capability tasks, creating risks where plausible-sounding but incorrect derivatio…

cs.CL2026

Before the Action: Benchmarking LLMs on Prospective Hypothesis Discovery

Tianyun Zhong, Wangyi Jiang, Wei Wang +15

Large language models (LLMs) excel at answering pre-specified questions, yet their ability to navigate the open-ended, pre-conclusion stage of discovery remains largely unmeasured.…

cs.CL2026

PraMem: Practice-derived Experiential Memory for Long-horizon Behavior Prediction

Zhuoqun Li, Boxi Cao, Jiawei Chen +11

Long-horizon behavior prediction aims to infer a user's next action based on a lengthy historical sequence, playing a crucial role in artificial intelligence field. The rise of lar…

cs.CL2026

ReasoningLens: Hierarchical Visualization and Diagnostic Auditing for Large Reasoning Models

Jun Zhang, Jiasheng Zheng, Boxi Cao +5

The emergence of Large Reasoning Models has introduced exceptionally long Chain-of-Thought traces, creating a transparency burden where critical logic is often buried under massive…

cs.CL2026

Verifiable Environments Are LEGO Bricks: Recursive Composition for Reasoning Generalization

Hao Xiang, Qiaoyu Tang, Le Yu +8

Reinforcement Learning (RL) with verifiable environments has emerged as a powerful approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). While prior re…

cs.CL2026

Combinatorial Synthesis: Scaling Code RLVR via Atomic Decomposition and Recombination

Jiasheng Zheng, Boxi Cao, Boxi Yu +6

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has recently emerged as the cornerstone for shaping the remarkable coding abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However,…

cs.CL2026

Your Teacher Can't Help You Here: Combating Supervision Fidelity Decay in On-Policy Distillation

Yanjiang Liu, Jie Lou, Xinyan Guan +7

On-policy distillation transfers reasoning capabilities by training a student model on its own generated trajectories using token-level feedback from a teacher. However, we identif…

cs.CL2026

LiteCoder-Terminal: Scaling Long-Horizon Terminal Environments for Learning Language Agents

Xiaoxuan Peng, Kaiqi Zhang, Xinyu Lu +5

Mastering terminal environments requires language agents capable of multi-step planning, feedback-grounded execution, and dynamic state adaptation. However, training such agents is…

cs.CL2026

Towards Real-world Human Behavior Simulation: Benchmarking Large Language Models on Long-horizon, Cross-scenario, Heterogeneous Behavior Traces

Jiawei Chen, Ruoxi Xu, Boxi Cao +11

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has illuminated the potential for a general-purpose user simulator. However, existing benchmarks remain constrained to isolated scenar…

cs.CL2026

Learning from Failures: Correction-Oriented Policy Optimization with Verifiable Rewards

Mengjie Ren, Jie Lou, Boxi Cao +6

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as an effective paradigm for improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models. However, RLVR training…

cs.CL2026

All Languages Matter: Understanding and Mitigating Language Bias in Multilingual RAG

Dan Wang, Guozhao Mo, Yafei Shi +9

Multilingual Retrieval-Augmented Generation (mRAG) leverages cross-lingual evidence to ground Large Language Models (LLMs) in global knowledge. However, we show that current mRAG s…

cs.CL2025

Coupled Variational Reinforcement Learning for Language Model General Reasoning

Xueru Wen, Jie Lou, Yanjiang Liu +6

While reinforcement learning has achieved impressive progress in language model reasoning, it is constrained by the requirement for verifiable rewards. Recent verifier-free RL meth…

cs.CL2025

AI-Salesman: Towards Reliable Large Language Model Driven Telemarketing

Qingyu Zhang, Chunlei Xin, Xuanang Chen +7

Goal-driven persuasive dialogue, exemplified by applications like telemarketing, requires sophisticated multi-turn planning and strict factual faithfulness, which remains a signifi…

cs.CL2025

MemSearcher: Training LLMs to Reason, Search and Manage Memory via End-to-End Reinforcement Learning

Qianhao Yuan, Jie Lou, Zichao Li +6

LLM-based search agents often concatenate the full interaction history into the context, producing long and noisy inputs, and increasing compute cost and GPU memory overhead. To ad…

cs.CL2025

Social Simulations with Large Language Model Risk Utopian Illusion

Ning Bian, Xianpei Han, Hongyu Lin +2

Reliable simulation of human behavior is essential for explaining, predicting, and intervening in our society. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in…

cs.CL2025

Beyond Turn Limits: Training Deep Search Agents with Dynamic Context Window

Qiaoyu Tang, Hao Xiang, Le Yu +11

While recent advances in reasoning models have demonstrated cognitive behaviors through reinforcement learning, existing approaches struggle to invoke deep reasoning capabilities i…

cs.CL2025

CoCoNUTS: Concentrating on Content while Neglecting Uninformative Textual Styles for AI-Generated Peer Review Detection

Yihan Chen, Jiawei Chen, Guozhao Mo +4

The growing integration of large language models (LLMs) into the peer review process presents potential risks to the fairness and reliability of scholarly evaluation. While LLMs of…

cs.CL2025

RefCritic: Training Long Chain-of-Thought Critic Models with Refinement Feedback

Qiaoyu Tang, Hao Xiang, Le Yu +6

With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), developing effective critic modules for precise guidance has become crucial yet challenging. In this paper, we initially…

cs.CL2025

RMTBench: Benchmarking LLMs Through Multi-Turn User-Centric Role-Playing

Hao Xiang, Tianyi Tang, Yang Su +10

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown outstanding potential for role-playing applications. Evaluating these capabilities is becoming crucial yet remains ch…

cs.CL2025

ConsistentChat: Building Skeleton-Guided Consistent Multi-Turn Dialogues for Large Language Models from Scratch

Jiawei Chen, Xinyan Guan, Qianhao Yuan +7

Current instruction data synthesis methods primarily focus on single-turn instructions and often neglect cross-turn coherence, resulting in context drift and reduced task completio…

cs.CL2025

Memorizing is Not Enough: Deep Knowledge Injection Through Reasoning

Ruoxi Xu, Yunjie Ji, Boxi Cao +7

Although large language models (LLMs) excel in knowledge recall and reasoning, their static nature leads to outdated information as the real world evolves or when adapting to domai…

cs.CL2025★ 1 cited

Large Language Models Often Say One Thing and Do Another

Ruoxi Xu, Hongyu Lin, Xianpei Han +4

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly become central to various applications and interact with diverse user populations, ensuring their reliable and consistent performance i…

cs.CL2025

SAISA: Towards Multimodal Large Language Models with Both Training and Inference Efficiency

Qianhao Yuan, Yanjiang Liu, Yaojie Lu +4

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) mainly fall into two architectures, each involving a trade-off between training and inference efficiency: embedding space alignment (e.g.,…