Localized polarons and conductive charge carriers: understanding CaCu${}_3$Ti${}_4$O${}_{12}$ over a broad temperature range

Laijun Liu, Shaokai Ren, Jia Liu +6

CaCu${}_3$Ti${}_4$O${}_{12}$ (CCTO) has a large dielectric permittivity that is independent of the probing frequency near the room temperature, which complicated due to the existence…