Probing the formation of femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures on silica films by ultrafast small-angle X-ray scattering

Dominik Kaczmarek, Jean-Luc Déziel, Thies Johannes Albert +16

Ultrashort X-ray pulses, as provided by X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs), offer unique opportunities to probe the formation of laser-induced nanostructures with sizes even below…