Universal non-monotonic structure in the saturation curves of MOT-loaded Na${}^{+}$ ions stored in an ion-neutral hybrid trap: Prediction and observation

R. Blümel, J. E. Wells, D. S. Goodman +2

We predict that the steady-state ion number $N_s$ for radio-frequency (rf) traps, loaded at a rate of $\lambda$ particles per unit time, shows universal non-monotonic behavior as a funct…