On the geometry of the free factor graph for $\mathrm{Aut}(F_N)$

Mladen Bestvina, Martin R. Bridson, Richard D. Wade

Let $\Phi$ be a pseudo-Anosov diffeomorphism of a compact (possibly non-orientable) surface $\Sigma$ with one boundary component. We show that if $b\in {\pi }_1(\Sigma )$ is the boundary word, $ϕ\in…