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High-S/N Quasar Observations with HST/COS: Deep Fields for Spectroscopy
Andrew J. Fox, Jerry Kriss, Philipp Richter +49
Hubble is still in prime observing condition for making transformative discoveries in UV astronomy. In this white paper we describe the science case for a deep (S/N>30) UV spectros…
Summary of Discussion Sessions from "The Dusty Universe 2025: The Fifth Pandust Conference"
Marjorie Decleir, Karl D. Gordon, Annalisa De Cia +16
"The Dusty Universe: The Fifth Pandust Conference" took place in Tucson (AZ, USA) from November 10 until 14, 2025. The goal of this meeting was to get the dust community together t…
Connecting the dusty dots: dust depletion and extinction of local interstellar clouds
T. Ramburuth-Hurt, A. De Cia, J. -K. Krogager +2
Investigating the chemical complexity of the interstellar medium (ISM) is key for understanding its physical nature and evolution. In this work, we study parsec-scale interstellar…
Trading oxygen for iron II. Oxygen- versus iron-dependent cosmic star formation history
Martyna Chruślińska, Mirko Curti, Ruediger Pakmor +4
Due to their different nucleosynthetic origin, a stellar population produces oxygen (O) and iron (Fe) on different timescales and their relative abundance can deviate strongly from…
MARTA: The connection between chemical enrichment, feedback, and dust in a Wolf-Rayet galaxy at z2
Mirko Curti, Elisa Cataldi, Francesco Belfiore +17
We present the analysis of the stellar and interstellar medium (ISM) properties of MARTA-4327, a star-forming galaxy at z=2.224 observed by means of deep JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy…
A large, chemically enriched, neutral gas reservoir in a galaxy at z = 6.782
A. Saccardi, S. D. Vergani, L. Izzo +23
The chemical characterization of galaxies in the first billion years after the Big Bang is one of the central goals of current astrophysics. Optical/near-infrared spectroscopy of l…
Modelling of long gamma-ray burst host galaxies at cosmic noon from damped Lyman-α absorption statistics
J. -K. Krogager, A. De Cia, K. E. Heintz +11
We study the properties of long gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies using a statistical modelling framework derived to model damped Lyman- absorbers (DLAs) in quasar spectra at…
The α-element enrichment of gas in distant galaxies
Anna Velichko, Annalisa De Cia, Christina Konstantopoulou +3
The chemical evolution of distant galaxies cannot be assessed from observations of individual stars, in contrast to the case of nearby galaxies. On the other hand, the study of the…
α-element enhancements in the Magellanic Interstellar Medium: evidence for recent star formation
Annalisa De Cia, Julia Roman-Duval, Christina Konstantopoulou +8
Important questions on the chemical composition of the neutral ISM in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) are still open. It is usually assumed that t…
Galaxy Formation and Symbiotic Evolution with the Inter-Galactic Medium in the Age of ELT-ANDES
Valentina D'Odorico, James S. Bolton, Lise Christensen +21
High-resolution absorption spectroscopy toward bright background sources has had a paramount role in understanding early galaxy formation, the evolution of the intergalactic medium…
Dust depletion of of metals from local to distant galaxies II: Cosmic dust-to-metal ratio and dust composition
Christina Konstantopoulou, Annalisa De Cia, Cédric Ledoux +10
The evolution of the cosmic dust content and the cycle between metals and dust in the interstellar medium (ISM) play a fundamental role in galaxy evolution. The chemical enrichment…
Comparing emission- and absorption-based gas-phase metallicities in GRB host galaxies at using JWST
P. Schady, R. M. Yates, L. Christensen +34
Much of what is known of the chemical composition of the universe is based on emission line spectra from star forming galaxies. Emission-based inferences are, nevertheless, model-d…
The cosmic build-up of dust and metals. Accurate abundances from GRB-selected star-forming galaxies at
K. E. Heintz, A. De Cia, C. C. Thöne +38
The chemical enrichment of dust and metals in the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies throughout cosmic time is one of the key driving processes of galaxy evolution. Here we stud…
Proximate molecular quasar absorbers: Chemical enrichment and kinematics of the neutral gas
P. Noterdaeme, S. Balashev, R. Cuellar +7
Proximate molecular quasar absorbers (PH2) are an intriguing population of absorption systems recently uncovered through strong H2 absorption at small velocity separation from the…
Chemical diversity of gas in distant galaxies: The metal and dust enrichment and variations within absorbing galaxies
T. Ramburuth-Hurt, A. De Cia, J. -K. Krogager +9
The chemical composition of gas in galaxies can be measured in detail from absorption spectroscopy. By studying gas in galaxies in this way, it is possible to investigate the small…
Dissecting the interstellar medium of a z=6.3 galaxy: X-shooter spectroscopy and HST imaging of the afterglow and environment of the Swift GRB 210905A
A. Saccardi, S. D. Vergani, A. De Cia +35
The study of the properties of galaxies in the first billion years after the Big Bang is one of the major topic of current astrophysics. Optical/near-infrared spectroscopy of the a…
Dust depletion of metals from local to distant galaxies I: Peculiar nucleosynthesis effects and grain growth in the ISM
Christina Konstantopoulou, Annalisa De Cia, Jens-Kristian Krogager +8
Large fractions of metals are missing from the observable gas-phase in the interstellar medium (ISM) because they are incorporated into dust grains, a phenomenon called dust deplet…
METAL: The Metal Evolution, Transport, and Abundance in the Large Magellanic Cloud Hubble program. III. Interstellar Depletions, Dust-to-Metal, and Dust-to-Gas Ratios Versus Metallicity
J. Roman-Duval, E. B. Jenkins, K. Tchernyshyov +9
The metallicity and gas density dependence of interstellar depletions, the dust-to-gas (D/G), and dust-to-metal (D/M) ratios have important implications for how accurately we can t…
Large Metallicity Variations in the Galactic Interstellar Medium
Annalisa De Cia, Edward B. Jenkins, Andrew J. Fox +5
The Interstellar Medium (ISM) comprises gases at different temperatures and densities, including ionized, atomic, molecular species, and dust particles. The neutral ISM is dominate…
H_2 molecular gas absorption-selected systems trace CO molecular gas-rich galaxy overdensities
Anne Klitsch, Celine Peroux, Martin A. Zwaan +3
Absorption-selected galaxies offer an effective way to study low-mass galaxies at high redshift. However, the physical properties of the underlying galaxy population remains uncert…
Dust-depletion sequences in damped Ly-α absorbers II. The composition of cosmic dust, from low-metallicity systems to the Galaxy
Lars Mattsson, Annalisa De Cia, Anja C. Andersen +1
We aim at assessing what are the most dominant dust species or types, including silicate and iron oxide grains present in the ISM, by using recent observations of dust depletion of…
The cosmic evolution of dust-corrected metallicity in the neutral gas
Annalisa De Cia, Cédric Ledoux, Patrick Petitjean +1
Interpreting abundances of Damped Ly- Absorbers (DLAs) from absorption-line spectroscopy has typically been a challenge because of the presence of dust. Nevertheless, because DL…
Dust-depletion sequences in damped Lyman-α absorbers: a unified picture from low-metallicity systems to the Galaxy
Annalisa De Cia, Cédric Ledoux, Lars Mattsson +4
We study metal depletion due to dust in the interstellar medium (ISM) to infer the properties of dust grains and characterize the metal and dust content of galaxies, down to low me…
Detection of Broad H Emission Lines in the Late-time Spectra of a Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernova
Lin Yan, R. Quimby, E. Ofek +14
iPTF13ehe is a hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova (SLSN) at z=0.3434, with a slow-evolving light curve and spectral features similar to SN2007bi. It rises within (83-148)days (r…