most citedFIRE-Bench: Evaluating AI Agents on the Rediscovery of Scientific Insights

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cs.CL2026

Reading, Not Thinking: Understanding and Bridging the Modality Gap When Text Becomes Pixels in Multimodal LLMs

Kaiser Sun, Xiaochuang Yuan, Hongjun Liu +4

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) can process text presented as images, yet they often perform worse than when the same content is provided as textual tokens. We systematica…

cs.CL2026

Task Matters: Knowledge Requirements Shape LLM Responses to Context-Memory Conflict

Kaiser Sun, Fan Bai, Mark Dredze

Large language models (LLMs) draw on both contextual information and parametric memory, yet these sources can conflict. Prior studies have largely examined this issue in contextual…

cs.CL2026

What do Language Models Learn and When? The Implicit Curriculum Hypothesis

Emmy Liu, Kaiser Sun, Millicent Li +4

Large language models (LLMs) can perform remarkably complex tasks, yet the fine-grained details of how these capabilities emerge during pretraining remain poorly understood. Scalin…

cs.CL2026

On the Failure of Latent State Persistence in Large Language Models

Jen-tse Huang, Kaiser Sun, Wenxuan Wang +1

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in reasoning, whether they can sustain persistent latent states remains under-explored. The capacity to maintain and manipulate unexpressed…

cs.CL2025

CLAIMCHECK: How Grounded are LLM Critiques of Scientific Papers?

Jiefu Ou, William Gantt Walden, Kate Sanders +13

A core part of scientific peer review involves providing expert critiques that directly assess the scientific claims a paper makes. While it is now possible to automatically genera…

cs.CL2025

Amuro and Char: Analyzing the Relationship between Pre-Training and Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models

Kaiser Sun, Mark Dredze

The development of large language models leads to the formation of a pre-train-then-align paradigm, in which the model is typically pre-trained on a large text corpus and undergoes…