6 papers
The Radio-wave Observations at the Lunar Surface of the photoElectron Sheath (ROLSES) instrument onboard the Intuitive Machines-1 Mission to the Moon
Nat Gopalswamy, Robert J. MacDowall, Pertti A. Mäkelä +15
The Radio wave Observations at the Lunar Surface of the photoElectron Sheath (ROLSES) instrument is a radio telescope system designed to characterize the radio and plasma wave envi…
Unusual Circumstances of the 2024 June 8 GLE
Nat Gopalswamy, Pertti Makela, Hong Xie +3
Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) in large solar energetic particle (SEP) events is indicative of protons accelerated to GeV energies. Almost all GLE events are associated with sustai…
Solar Cycle Variation of Sustained Gamma-ray Emission Events from the Sun and Related Energetic Events
N. Gopalswamy, P. Mäkela, S. Akiyama +2
The sustained gamma ray emission (SGRE) from the Sun is one of the fascinating high energy phenomena closely related to the acceleration of protons to energies >300 MeV. Here we re…
Third Harmonic Structure in an Interplanetary Type II Radio Burst and Other Energetic Phenomena During the 2024 September 14 Solar Eruption
Nat Gopalswamy, Pertti Makela, Hong Xie +2
We report on the observation of first, second, and third harmonic components during an interplanetary (IP) type II solar radio burst observed on 2024 September 14 by the radio inst…
The Longest Duration SGRE Event in Solar Cycle 25
Nat Gopalswamy, Pertti Makela, Hong Xie +2
Solar Cycle (SC) 24 was the weakest in the space age, yet it produced many sustained gamma ray emission (SGRE) events from the Sun. Solar cycle (SC) 25, which is a bit stronger tha…
Solar Cycle Variation of Axial Orientations and Favorable Locations of Eruptive MFRs
Hong Xie, Nat Gopalswamy, Sachiko Akiyama +2
Using multi-viewpoint observations from STEREO and SOHO during three solar cycles from 23 to 25, we study the magnetic flux rope (MFR) structures of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) n…