First order QED effects on a spatially flat FLRW spacetime with a Milne-type scale factor

Ion I. Cotaescu, Diana Popescu

The quantum electrodynamics (QED) on a spatially flat $(1+3)$-dimensional Friedmann-Lema\^ itre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) spacetime with a Milne-type scale factor is outlined focusin…