activity
20192026
most citedRelease Strategies and the Social Impacts of Language Models

287 citations · 358 across the 12 of their papers we have counts for

collaborators

13 papers

cs.AI2026

Every Eval Ever: A Unifying Schema and Community Repository for AI Evaluation Results

Jan Batzner, Sree Harsha Nelaturu, Damian Stachura +45

AI evaluations are widely used for testing and understanding progress. However, the diverse evaluators bring with them inconsistencies that challenge analysis and comparison. First…

cs.AI2026

Evaluation Cards: An Interpretive Layer for AI Evaluation Reporting

Avijit Ghosh, Anka Reuel, Jenny Chim +45

AI evaluation results are produced at scale but reported inconsistently across leaderboards, model cards, benchmark papers, and company blogs. The cost is interpretive: readers can…

cs.AI2026★ 2 cited

When AI Benchmarks Plateau: A Systematic Study of Benchmark Saturation

Mubashara Akhtar, Anka Reuel, Prajna Soni +34

Artificial intelligence benchmarks are an important mechanism to measure model progress and guide deployment decisions. However, benchmarks quickly "saturate", making it difficult…

cs.CY2025

Economies of Open Intelligence: Tracing Power & Participation in the Model Ecosystem

Shayne Longpre, Christopher Akiki, Campbell Lund +6

Since 2019, the Hugging Face Model Hub has been the primary global platform for sharing open weight AI models. By releasing a dataset of the complete history of weekly model downlo…

cs.CY2025★ 1 cited

Who Evaluates AI's Social Impacts? Mapping Coverage and Gaps in First and Third Party Evaluations

Anka Reuel, Avijit Ghosh, Jenny Chim +32

Foundation models are increasingly central to high-stakes AI systems, and governance frameworks now depend on evaluations to assess their risks and capabilities. Although general c…

cs.CY2025

Beyond Release: Access Considerations for Generative AI Systems

Irene Solaiman, Rishi Bommasani, Dan Hendrycks +4

Generative AI release decisions determine whether system components are made available, but release does not address many other elements that change how users and stakeholders are…

cs.CY2024★ 7 cited

Open Problems in Technical AI Governance

Anka Reuel, Ben Bucknall, Stephen Casper +30

AI progress is creating a growing range of risks and opportunities, but it is often unclear how they should be navigated. In many cases, the barriers and uncertainties faced are at…

cs.CY2023★ 5 cited

Open-Sourcing Highly Capable Foundation Models: An evaluation of risks, benefits, and alternative methods for pursuing open-source objectives

Elizabeth Seger, Noemi Dreksler, Richard Moulange +19

Recent decisions by leading AI labs to either open-source their models or to restrict access to their models has sparked debate about whether, and how, increasingly capable AI mode…

cs.CY2023★ 3 cited

Evaluating the Social Impact of Generative AI Systems in Systems and Society

Irene Solaiman, Zeerak Talat, William Agnew +28

Generative AI systems across modalities, ranging from text (including code), image, audio, and video, have broad social impacts, but there is no official standard for means of eval…

cs.CY2023★ 16 cited

The Gradient of Generative AI Release: Methods and Considerations

Irene Solaiman

As increasingly powerful generative AI systems are developed, the release method greatly varies. We propose a framework to assess six levels of access to generative AI systems: ful…

cs.CL2022

BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

BigScience Workshop, :, Teven Le Scao +391

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to wi…

cs.CL2021★ 37 cited

Process for Adapting Language Models to Society (PALMS) with Values-Targeted Datasets

Irene Solaiman, Christy Dennison

Language models can generate harmful and biased outputs and exhibit undesirable behavior according to a given cultural context. We propose a Process for Adapting Language Models to…

cs.CL2019★ 287 cited

Release Strategies and the Social Impacts of Language Models

Irene Solaiman, Miles Brundage, Jack Clark +12

Large language models have a range of beneficial uses: they can assist in prose, poetry, and programming; analyze dataset biases; and more. However, their flexibility and generativ…