Direct numerical simulation of the 't Hooft partition function and (de)confining phases

Okuto Morikawa, Hiroshi Suzuki

The 't Hooft partition function $Z_{\mathrm{tH}}[E_i;B_{ij}]$ is a discrete Fourier transform of Yang--Mills partition functions in background ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ 2-form gauge fields an…