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20242026
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cs.CL2026

Towards Self-Referential Analytic Assessment: A Profile-Based Approach to L2 Writing Evaluation with LLMs

Stefano Bannò, Kate Knill, Mark Gales

Automated essay scoring (AES) research often relies on rank-based correlation metrics to validate analytic assessment. However, such metrics obscure both intrinsic intercorrelation…

cs.CL2026

Exploiting the English Grammar Profile for L2 grammatical analysis with LLMs

Stefano Bannò, Penny Karanasou, Kate Knill +1

Evaluating the grammatical competence of second language (L2) learners is essential both for providing targeted feedback and for assessing proficiency. To achieve this, we propose…

cs.CL2026

Opportunities and Challenges of LLMs in Education: An NLP Perspective

Sowmya Vajjala, Bashar Alhafni, Stefano Bannò +3

Interest in the role of large language models (LLMs) in education is increasing, considering the new opportunities they offer for teaching, learning, and assessment. In this paper,…

cs.CL2025

Data Augmentation for Spoken Grammatical Error Correction

Penny Karanasou, Mengjie Qian, Stefano Bannò +2

While there exist strong benchmark datasets for grammatical error correction (GEC), high-quality annotated spoken datasets for Spoken GEC (SGEC) are still under-resourced. In this…

cs.CL2025

End-to-End Spoken Grammatical Error Correction

Mengjie Qian, Rao Ma, Stefano Bannò +2

Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) and feedback play a vital role in supporting second language (L2) learners, educators, and examiners. While written GEC is well-established, spok…

cs.CL2025

Exploiting the English Vocabulary Profile for L2 word-level vocabulary assessment with LLMs

Stefano Bannò, Kate Knill, Mark Gales

Vocabulary use is a fundamental aspect of second language (L2) proficiency. To date, its assessment by automated systems has typically examined the context-independent, or part-of-…