5 papers
The r-coverings and local moves of planar virtual knotoids
Jiacheng An, Fengling Li, Andrei Vesnin
In this paper, we study planar virtual knotoids, which generalize virtual knots and knotoids both. We consider the problem of whether two given planar virtual knotoids can be trans…
Two-variable Parity Polynomial for Virtual Knotoids
Siqi Ding, Suo Gao, Fengchun Lei +2
In this paper, we introduce a two-variable parity polynomial invariant for virtual knotoids, defined on oriented virtual knotoid diagrams. The construction is based on the parity o…
Vassiliev invariants for virtual knotoids
Siqi Ding, Xiaobo Jin, Fengchun Lei +2
In this paper, we introduce the 0-smoothing invariant of virtual knotoids constructed from local modification at classical crossings, which take values in a free $\ma…
Amalgamations along surfaces with boundary in a handlebody
Siqi Ding, Fengchun Lei, Wei Lin +1
Let M be a connected orientable 3-manifold, and F a compact connected orientable surface properly embedded in M. If F cuts M into two connected 3-manifolds X and Y, that is, M=X \c…
A three-variable transcendental invariant of planar knotoids via Gauss diagrams
Wandi Feng, Fengling Li, Andrei Vesnin
As a generalization of the classical knots, knotoids are equivalence classes of immersions of the oriented unit interval in a surface. In recent years, a variety of invariants of s…