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cs.CL2026

ConRub-Med: Reinforcement Learning with Consensus Rubrics for Open-Ended Medical Question Answering

Taojie Zhu, Yuan Xia, Tao Sun +8

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards has been especially effective in mathematics and coding, where answers can be checked automatically. Many open-ended medical question…

cs.CL2026

Evolving Interactive Diagnostic Agents in a Virtual Clinical Environment

Pengcheng Qiu, Chaoyi Wu, Junwei Liu +11

We present a framework for training large language models (LLMs) as diagnostic agents with reinforcement learning, enabling them to manage multi-turn interactive diagnostic process…

cs.CL2026

MedDialogRubrics: A Comprehensive Benchmark and Evaluation Framework for Multi-turn Medical Consultations in Large Language Models

Lecheng Gong, Weimin Fang, Ting Yang +9

Medical conversational AI (AI) plays a pivotal role in the development of safer and more effective medical dialogue systems. However, existing benchmarks and evaluation frameworks…

cs.CL2025

GAPS: A Clinically Grounded, Automated Benchmark for Evaluating AI Clinicians

Xiuyuan Chen, Tao Sun, Dexin Su +37

Current benchmarks for AI clinician systems, often based on multiple-choice exams or manual rubrics, fail to capture the depth, robustness, and safety required for real-world clini…

cs.CL2025

EHR-R1: A Reasoning-Enhanced Foundational Language Model for Electronic Health Record Analysis

Yusheng Liao, Chaoyi Wu, Junwei Liu +12

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) contain rich yet complex information, and their automated analysis is critical for clinical decision-making. Despite recent advances of large langu…

cs.CL2025

MedResearcher-R1: Expert-Level Medical Deep Researcher via A Knowledge-Informed Trajectory Synthesis Framework

Ailing Yu, Lan Yao, Jingnan Liu +13

Recent developments in Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents have shown impressive capabilities spanning multiple domains, exemplified by deep research systems that demonstrate s…