13 citations · 38 across the 9 of their papers we have counts for
9 papers
Properties of the quantum vacuum calculated from its structure
G. B. Mainland, Bernard Mulligan
Physicists have speculated about the properties of the quantum vacuum for at least 85 years; however, only recently have they understood the quantum vacuum sufficiently well to beg…
The contribution of the quantum vacuum to the cosmological constant is zero: proof that vacuum energy does not gravitate
G. B. Mainland, Bernard Mulligan
The consensus among many theoretical physicists is that the calculated contribution of the quantum vacuum to the total energy density of the universe is approximately ti…
How vacuum fluctuations determine the properties of the vacuum
G. B. Mainland, Bernard Mulligan
Particle-antiparticle pairs are predicted by quantum field theory to appear as vacuum fluctuations. The model of the vacuum used here is postulated to have the following properties…
Polarization of vacuum fluctuations: source of the vacuum permittivity and speed of light
G. B. Mainland, Bernard Mulligan
There are two types of fluctuations in the quantum vacuum: type 1 vacuum fluctuations are on shell and can interact with matter in specific, limited ways that have observable conse…
Photon time delay resulting from vacuum fluctuations: the vacuum as a dielectric
G. B. Mainland, Bernard Mulligan
It is not possible to detect a vacuum fluctuation without a test particle interacting with the vacuum fluctuation in a measurable manner. In the quantum electrodynamics calculation…
Theoretical calculation of the fine-structure constant and the permittivity of the vacuum
G. B. Mainland, Bernard Mulligan
Light traveling through the vacuum interacts with vacuum fluctuations similarly to the way that light traveling through a dielectric interacts with ordinary matter. And just as the…