2 papers
q-bio.SC2005
Metabolic Futile Cycles and Their Functions: A Systems Analysis of Energy and Control
Hong Qian, Daniel A. Beard
It has long been hypothesized that futile cycles in cellular metabolism are involved in the regulation of biochemical pathways. Following the work of Newsholme and Crabtree, we dev…
math-ph2000
Relative Entropy: Free Energy Associated with Equilibrium Fluctuations and Nonequilibrium Deviations
Hong Qian
Using a one-dimensional macromolecule in aqueous solution as an illustration, we demonstrate that the relative entropy from information theory, , has a na…