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Star Formation Mitosis: The Effects of Particle Splitting on the Star Formation Outcome
Shivan Khullar, Michael Y. Grudić, Christopher D. Matzner +3
Particle splitting can increase the dynamic range in Lagrangian astrophysical simulations by several orders of magnitude. However, such methods can introduce numerical noise that m…
The Evolution of Star-Forming Gas in STARFORGE: From Clouds, to Cores, to Stars
Ananya Kaalva, Stella S. R. Offner, Nina Filippova +1
Star formation occurs within dense regions of giant molecular clouds (GMCs), however, exactly how gas collects and evolves to form individual stars and what role dense cores play r…
Assessing Zeeman Measurements of Magnetic Fields in Synthetic HI Observations
Duo Xu, Peter Martin, Stella Offner +3
Zeeman observations provide the only direct probe of line-of-sight (LOS) magnetic fields in the interstellar medium. To evaluate their accuracy and limitations, we generate synthet…
Second public data release of the FIRE-2 cosmological zoom-in simulations of galaxy formation
Andrew Wetzel, Jenna Samuel, Pratik J. Gandhi +34
We describe the second data release (DR2) of the FIRE-2 cosmological zoom-in simulations of galaxy formation, from the Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) project, available…
The GHOSDT Simulations: II. Missing H in Simulations of a Self-Regulated Interstellar Medium
Alon Gurman, Chia-Yu Hu, Michael Y. Grudic +2
Observations in the Galaxy and nearby spirals have established that the HI-to-H transition at solar metallicity occurs at gas weight of $P_{\rm DE}/k_B\approx 10^4 \ \rm K \ cm…
Great Balls of FIRE IV. The contribution of massive star clusters to the astrophysical population of merging binary black holes
Tristan Bruel, Astrid Lamberts, Carl L. Rodriguez +3
The detection of over a hundred gravitational wave signals from double compacts objects have confirmed the existence of such binaries with tight orbits. Two main formation channels…
The Life and Times of Star-Forming Cores: an Analysis of Dense Gas in the STARFORGE Simulations
Stella S. R. Offner, Josh Taylor, Michael Y. Grudic
Dense gas in molecular clouds is an important signature of ongoing and future star formation. We identify and track dense cores in the STARFORGE simulations, following the core evo…
The Stellar Initial Mass Function of Early Dark Matter-free Gas Objects
William Lake, Michael Y. Grudić, Smadar Naoz +6
Among the remarkable strides made by JWST is the discovery of the earliest star clusters found to date. These have been proposed as early progenitors of globular clusters, which ar…
Suppressed Cosmic Ray Energy Densities in Molecular Clouds From Streaming Instability-Regulated Transport
Margot Fitz Axen, Stella Offner, Phillip F. Hopkins +2
Cosmic rays (CRs) are the primary driver of ionization in star forming molecular clouds (MCs). Despite their potential impacts on gas dynamics and chemistry, no simulations of star…
Thermodynamics of Giant Molecular Clouds: The Effects of Dust Grain Size
Nadine H. Soliman, Philip F. Hopkins, Michael Y. Grudić
The dust grain size distribution (GSD) likely varies significantly across star-forming environments in the Universe, but its impact on star formation remains unclear. This ambiguit…
Playing with FIRE: A Galactic Feedback-Halting Experiment Challenges Star Formation Rate Theories
Shivan Khullar, Christopher D. Matzner, Norman Murray +4
Stellar feedback influences the star formation rate (SFR) and the interstellar medium of galaxies in ways that are difficult to quantify numerically, because feedback is an essenti…
Dust-Evacuated Zones Near Massive Stars: Consequences of Dust Dynamics on Star-forming Regions
Nadine H. Soliman, Philip F. Hopkins, Michael Y. Grudić
Stars form within dense cores composed of both gas and dust within molecular clouds. However, despite the crucial role that dust plays in the star formation process, its dynamics i…
FORGE'd in FIRE III: The IMF in Quasar Accretion Disks from STARFORGE
Philip F. Hopkins, Michael Y. Grudic, Kyle Kremer +3
Recently, we demonstrated self-consistent formation of strongly-magnetized quasar accretion disks (QADs) from cosmological radiation-magnetohydrodynamic-thermochemical galaxy-star…
Great Balls of FIRE III: Modeling Black Hole Mergers from Massive Star Clusters in Simulations of Galaxies
Tristan Bruel, Carl L. Rodriguez, Astrid Lamberts +3
After the nearly hundred gravitational-wave detections reported by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA Collaboration, the question of the cosmological origin of merging binary black holes (BBHs)…
Co-Evolution of Stars and Gas: Using Analysis of Synthetic Observations to Investigate the Star-Gas Correlation in STARFORGE
Samuel Millstone, Robert Gutermuth, Stella S. R. Offner +2
We explore the relationship between stellar surface density and gas surface density (the star-gas or S-G correlation) in a 20,000 M simulation from the STAR FORmation in…
Stellar Populations in STARFORGE: The Origin and Evolution of Star Clusters and Associations
Juan P. Farias, Stella S. R. Offner, Michael Y. Grudić +2
Most stars form in highly clustered environments within molecular clouds, but eventually disperse into the distributed stellar field population. Exactly how the stellar distributio…
Predicting the Radiation Field of Molecular Clouds using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models
Duo Xu, Stella Offner, Robert Gutermuth +3
Accurately quantifying the impact of radiation feedback in star formation is challenging. To address this complex problem, we employ deep learning techniques, denoising diffusion p…
FORGE'd in FIRE: Resolving the End of Star Formation and Structure of AGN Accretion Disks from Cosmological Initial Conditions
Philip F. Hopkins, Michael Y. Grudic, Kung-Yi Su +8
It has recently become possible to zoom-in from cosmological to sub-pc scales in galaxy simulations to follow accretion onto supermassive black holes (SMBHs). However, at some poin…
What Causes The Formation of Disks and End of Bursty Star Formation?
Philip F. Hopkins, Alexander B. Gurvich, Xuejian Shen +17
As they grow, galaxies can transition from irregular/spheroidal with 'bursty' star formation histories (SFHs), to disky with smooth SFHs. But even in simulations, the direct physic…
A 3D View of Orion: I. Barnard's Loop
Michael M. Foley, Alyssa Goodman, Catherine Zucker +11
Barnard's Loop is a famous arc of H emission located in the Orion star-forming region. Here, we provide evidence of a possible formation mechanism for Barnard's Loop and compare…
Novel Conservative Methods for Adaptive Force Softening in Collisionless and Multi-Species N-Body Simulations
Philip F. Hopkins, Ethan O. Nadler, Michael Y. Grudic +3
Modeling self-gravity of collisionless fluids (e.g. ensembles of dark matter, stars, black holes, dust, planetary bodies) in simulations is challenging and requires some force soft…
Effects of the environment on the multiplicity properties of stars in the STARFORGE simulations
Dávid Guszejnov, Aman N. Raju, Stella S. R. Offner +4
Most observed stars are part of a multiple star system, but the formation of such systems and the role of environment and various physical processes is still poorly understood. We…
Hyper-Eddington Black Hole Growth in Star-Forming Molecular Clouds and Galactic Nuclei: Can It Happen?
Yanlong Shi, Kyle Kremer, Michael Y. Grudić +2
Formation of supermassive black holes (BHs) remains a theoretical challenge. In many models, especially beginning from stellar relic "seeds," this requires sustained super-Eddingto…
Effects of the environment and feedback physics on the initial mass function of stars in the STARFORGE simulations
Dávid Guszejnov, Michael Y. Grudić, Stella S. R. Offner +3
One of the key mysteries of star formation is the origin of the stellar initial mass function (IMF). The IMF is observed to be nearly universal in the Milky Way and its satellites,…