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Quantum Analysis of BTZ Black Hole Formation Due to the Collapse of a Dust Shell
Alexander A. Andrianov, Artem Starodubtsev, Yasser Elmahalawy
We perform Hamiltonian reduction of a model in which 2+1 dimensional gravity with negative cosmological constant is coupled to a cylindrically symmetric dust shell. The resulting a…
Cylindrically symmetric 2+1 gravity in terms of global variables:quantum dynamics
Alexander A. Andrianov, Yasser Elmahalawy, Artem Starodubtsev
We perform quantization of a model in which gravity is coupled to a circular dust shell in 2+1 spacetime dimensions. Canonical analysis shows that momentum space of this model is A…
Ricci Time in the Lemaitre-Tolman Model and the Block Universe
Yasser Elmahalawy, Charles Hellaby, George F. R. Ellis
It is common to think of our universe according to the "block universe" concept, which says that spacetime consists of many "stacked" 3-surfaces, labelled by some kind of proper ti…