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Optical Colors as Compressed Spectral Information for Trans-Neptunian Objects
Hsing-Wen Lin, Larissa Markwardt, Kevin Napier +3
Broadband optical colors have long been recognized as tracers of the surface spectral properties of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs), yet their relationship to near-infrared (NIR) sp…
Probabilistic Spectral Reconstruction of Trans-Neptunian Objects from Sparse Photometry: A Framework for Taxonomy, Survey Optimization, and Outlier Detection
Hsing Wen Lin, Larissa Markwardt, Kevin J. Napier +3
Near-infrared (near-IR) spectroscopy provides critical constraints on the surface composition of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs), but spectroscopic observations remain limited compa…
You Only Stack Once (YOSO): A Motion-Filtered, Deep-Learning Framework for Detecting Faint Moving Sources
Nitya Pandey, César Fuentes, Pedro Bernardinelli +15
We present You Only Stack Once (YOSO), an automated pipeline designed to detect faint, slow-moving Solar System objects in wide-field astronomical surveys. The pipeline integrates…
Water D/H in 3I/ATLAS as a Probe of Formation Conditions in Another Planetary System
Luis E. Salazar Manzano, Teresa Paneque-Carreño, Martin A. Cordiner +17
Water reservoirs in the Solar System exhibit a deuterium enrichment that links back to the physical environment at the time of stellar birth. Gas-phase and ice-grain deuterium enri…
NSF-DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory Observations of Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS (C/2025 N1)
Colin Orion Chandler, Pedro H. Bernardinelli, Mario Jurić +305
We report on the observation and measurement of astrometry, photometry, morphology, and activityof the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS, also designated C/2025 N1 (ATLAS) with the NSF-…
The DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP). VII. The Strengths of Three Superfast Rotating Main-belt Asteroids from a Preliminary Search of DEEP Data
Ryder Strauss, Andrew McNeill, David E. Trilling +19
Superfast rotators (SFRs) are small solar system objects that rotate faster than generally possible for a cohesionless rubble pile. Their rotational characteristics allow us to mak…
Candidate Distant Trans-Neptunian Objects Detected by the New Horizons Subaru TNO Survey
Wesley C. Fraser, Simon B. Porter, Lowell Peltier +41
We report the detection of 239 trans-Neptunian Objects discovered through the on-going New Horizons survey for distant minor bodies being performed with the Hyper Suprime-Cam mosai…
Can Neptune's Distant Mean-Motion Resonances Constrain Undiscovered Planets in the Solar System? Lessons from a Case Study of the 9:1
Matthew W. Porter, David W. Gerdes, Kevin J. Napier +2
Recent observational surveys of the outer Solar System provide evidence that Neptune's distant :1 mean-motion resonances may harbor relatively large reservoirs of trans-Neptunia…
The DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP) II. Observational Strategy and Design
Chadwick A. Trujillo, Cesar Fuentes, David W. Gerdes +19
We present the DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP) survey strategy including observing cadence for orbit determination, exposure times, field pointings and filter choices. Th…
The DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP) VI: first multi-year observations of trans-Neptunian objects
Hayden Smotherman, Pedro H. Bernardinelli, Stephen K. N. Portillo +25
We present the first set of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) observed on multiple nights in data taken from the DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP). Of these 110 TNOs, 105 do n…
The DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP) III: Survey characterization and simulation methods
Pedro H. Bernardinelli, Hayden Smotherman, Zachary Langford +24
We present a detailed study of the observational biases of the DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project's (DEEP) B1 data release and survey simulation software that enables direct statis…
From Colors to Spectra and Back Again: First Near-IR Spectroscopic Survey of Neptunian Trojans
Larissa Markwardt, Hsing Wen Lin, Bryan J. Holler +4
In this work, we present 0.7-5.0 μm spectra of eight Neptunian Trojans (NTs) as observed by the JWST's NIRSpec instrument. The reddest NT, 2013 VX30, exhibits a unique spectrum wit…
The DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP): V. The Absolute Magnitude Distribution of the Cold Classical Kuiper Belt
Kevin J. Napier, Hsing-Wen Lin, David W. Gerdes +21
The DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP) is a deep survey of the trans-Neptunian solar system being carried out on the 4-meter Blanco telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American…
The DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP): I. Survey description, science questions, and technical demonstration
David E. Trilling, David W. Gerdes, Mario Juric +19
We present here the DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP), a three year NOAO/NOIRLab Survey that was allocated 46.5 nights to discover and measure the properties of thousands o…
Photometric Survey of Neptune's Trojan Asteroids I: The Color Distribution
Larissa Markwardt, Hsing Wen Lin, David Gerdes +1
In 2018, Jewitt identified the "The Trojan Color Conundrum", namely that Neptune's Trojan asteroids (NTs) had no ultra-red members, unlike the the nearby Kuiper Belt. Since then, n…
A Collision Mechanism for the Removal of Earth's Trojan Asteroids
Kevin J. Napier, Larissa Markwardt, Fred C. Adams +2
Due to their strong resonances with their host planet, Trojan asteroids can remain in stable orbits for billions of years. As a result, they are powerful probes for constraining th…
Detection of Diatomic Carbon in 2I/Borisov
Hsing Wen Lin, Chien-Hsiu Lee, David W. Gerdes +4
2I/Borisov is the first-ever observed interstellar comet (and the second detected interstellar object). It was discovered on 30 August 2019 and has a heliocentric orbital eccentric…
Evidence for Color Dichotomy in the Primordial Neptunian Trojan Population
Hsing Wen Lin, David W. Gerdes, Stephanie J. Hamilton +45
In the current model of early Solar System evolution, the stable members of the Jovian and Neptunian Trojan populations were captured into resonance from the leftover reservoir of…