Aspects of ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ rank-2 gauge theory in $(2+1)$ dimensions: construction schemes, holonomies, and sublattice one-form symmetries

Yun-Tak Oh, Salvatore D. Pace, Jung Hoon Han +2

Rank-2 toric code (R2TC), a prototypical archetype of the discrete rank-2 symmetric gauge theory, has properties that differ from those of the standard toric code. Specifically, it…