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electromagnetic coupling 1gauge-covariant dynamics 1lorentz violation 1particle congruences 1raychaudhuri equation 1

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1 paper

gr-qc2026

Gauge-covariant Raychaudhuri dynamics for spin-nondegenerate Lorentz-violating congruences

A. A. Araújo Filho, A. F. Santos, J. A. A. S. Reis +2

The paper derives a gauge‑covariant form of the Raychaudhuri equation for charged particle congruences with Lorentz‑violating dispersion relations, showing how electromagnetic fiel…