Evolution of the electric field along null rays for arbitrary observers and spacetimes

Lucas T. Santana, João C. Lobato, Isabela S. Matos +2

We derive, in a manifestly covariant and electromagnetic gauge independent way, the evolution law of the electric field $E^{\alpha }=E{e}^{\alpha }(e^{\alpha }{e}_{\alpha }=1)$, relative to an arbitrary set of inst…