Heisenberg pseudo-exchange and emergent anisotropies in field-driven pinwheel artificial spin ice

Gary W. Paterson, Gavin M. Macauley, Yue Li +8

Rotating all islands in square artificial spin ice (ASI) uniformly about their centres gives rise to the recently reported pinwheel ASI. At angles around 45${}^{\mathrm{o}}$, the antif…