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freezing front 1microbial assembly 1particle patterning 1soft matter 1surface engineering 1

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1 paper

cond-mat.soft2026

IceCAPA: patterning particles and microorganisms at a freezing front

Isabelle M. Feller, Jakob Paulsen, Muriel Scherer +2

The paper introduces IceCAPA, a technique that uses directional freezing to push particles or bacteria into patterned traps on a substrate, creating high‑fidelity micro‑ and nano‑s…