activity
20162026
most citedBeyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models

565 citations · 828 across the 32 of their papers we have counts for

collaborators

36 papers

cs.CL2026

Nemotron 3 Ultra: Open, Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Model for Agentic Reasoning

NVIDIA, :, Aaron Blakeman +572

We introduce Nemotron 3 Ultra, a 550 billion total and 55 billion active parameter Mixture-of-Experts Hybrid Mamba-Attention language model. We pre-trained Nemotron 3 Ultra on 20 t…

cs.LG2026

Nemotron 3 Super: Open, Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Model for Agentic Reasoning

NVIDIA, :, Aakshita Chandiramani +544

We describe the pre-training, post-training, and quantization of Nemotron 3 Super, a 120 billion (active 12 billion) parameter hybrid Mamba-Attention Mixture-of-Experts model. Nemo…

cs.AI2026

KARL: Knowledge Agents via Reinforcement Learning

Jonathan D. Chang, Andrew Drozdov, Shubham Toshniwal +23

We present a system for training enterprise search agents via reinforcement learning that achieves state-of-the-art performance across a diverse suite of hard-to-verify agentic sea…

cs.LG2026

Learning Generative Selection for Best-of-N

Shubham Toshniwal, Aleksander Ficek, Siddhartha Jain +5

Scaling test-time compute via parallel sampling can substantially improve LLM reasoning, but is often limited by Best-of-N selection quality. Generative selection methods, such as…

cs.CL2025★ 1 cited

NVIDIA Nemotron 3: Efficient and Open Intelligence

NVIDIA, :, Aaron Blakeman +356

We introduce the Nemotron 3 family of models - Nano, Super, and Ultra. These models deliver strong agentic, reasoning, and conversational capabilities. The Nemotron 3 family uses a…

cs.CL2025

Nemotron 3 Nano: Open, Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Model for Agentic Reasoning

NVIDIA, :, Aaron Blakeman +311

We present Nemotron 3 Nano 30B-A3B, a Mixture-of-Experts hybrid Mamba-Transformer language model. Nemotron 3 Nano was pretrained on 25 trillion text tokens, including more than 3 t…

cs.AI2025

Nemotron-Math: Efficient Long-Context Distillation of Mathematical Reasoning from Multi-Mode Supervision

Wei Du, Shubham Toshniwal, Branislav Kisacanin +7

High-quality mathematical reasoning supervision requires diverse reasoning styles, long-form traces, and effective tool integration, capabilities that existing datasets provide onl…

cs.AI2025

Scaling Generative Verifiers For Natural Language Mathematical Proof Verification And Selection

Sadegh Mahdavi, Branislav Kisacanin, Shubham Toshniwal +6

Large language models have achieved remarkable success on final-answer mathematical problems, largely due to the ease of applying reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards. Ho…

cs.CL2025

NVIDIA Nemotron Nano 2: An Accurate and Efficient Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Reasoning Model

NVIDIA, :, Aarti Basant +214

We introduce Nemotron-Nano-9B-v2, a hybrid Mamba-Transformer language model designed to increase throughput for reasoning workloads while achieving state-of-the-art accuracy compar…

cs.LG2025

GenSelect: A Generative Approach to Best-of-N

Shubham Toshniwal, Ivan Sorokin, Aleksander Ficek +2

Generative reward models with parallel sampling have enabled effective test-time scaling for reasoning tasks. Current approaches employ pointwise scoring of individual solutions or…

cs.AI2025

The Challenge of Teaching Reasoning to LLMs Without RL or Distillation

Wei Du, Branislav Kisacanin, George Armstrong +22

Reasoning-capable language models achieve state-of-the-art performance in diverse complex tasks by generating long, explicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT) traces. While recent works show…

cs.CL2025★ 1 cited

Llama-Nemotron: Efficient Reasoning Models

Akhiad Bercovich, Itay Levy, Izik Golan +132

We introduce the Llama-Nemotron series of models, an open family of heterogeneous reasoning models that deliver exceptional reasoning capabilities, inference efficiency, and an ope…

cs.AI2025

AIMO-2 Winning Solution: Building State-of-the-Art Mathematical Reasoning Models with OpenMathReasoning dataset

Ivan Moshkov, Darragh Hanley, Ivan Sorokin +5

This paper presents our winning submission to the AI Mathematical Olympiad - Progress Prize 2 (AIMO-2) competition. Our recipe for building state-of-the-art mathematical reasoning…

cs.CL2025

Nemotron-H: A Family of Accurate and Efficient Hybrid Mamba-Transformer Models

NVIDIA, :, Aaron Blakeman +198

As inference-time scaling becomes critical for enhanced reasoning capabilities, it is increasingly becoming important to build models that are efficient to infer. We introduce Nemo…

cs.CL2024

IdentifyMe: A Challenging Long-Context Mention Resolution Benchmark for LLMs

Kawshik Manikantan, Makarand Tapaswi, Vineet Gandhi +1

Recent evaluations of LLMs on coreference resolution have revealed that traditional output formats and evaluation metrics do not fully capture the models' referential understanding…

cs.CL2024★ 1 cited

OpenMathInstruct-2: Accelerating AI for Math with Massive Open-Source Instruction Data

Shubham Toshniwal, Wei Du, Ivan Moshkov +3

Mathematical reasoning continues to be a critical challenge in large language model (LLM) development with significant interest. However, most of the cutting-edge progress in mathe…

cs.CL2024

Major Entity Identification: A Generalizable Alternative to Coreference Resolution

Kawshik Manikantan, Shubham Toshniwal, Makarand Tapaswi +1

The limited generalization of coreference resolution (CR) models has been a major bottleneck in the task's broad application. Prior work has identified annotation differences, espe…

cs.CL2024★ 7 cited

Nemotron-4 340B Technical Report

Nvidia, :, Bo Adler +80

We release the Nemotron-4 340B model family, including Nemotron-4-340B-Base, Nemotron-4-340B-Instruct, and Nemotron-4-340B-Reward. Our models are open access under the NVIDIA Open…

cs.CL2024★ 1 cited

Code Pretraining Improves Entity Tracking Abilities of Language Models

Najoung Kim, Sebastian Schuster, Shubham Toshniwal

Recent work has provided indirect evidence that pretraining language models on code improves the ability of models to track state changes of discourse entities expressed in natural…

cs.CL2024★ 3 cited

OpenMathInstruct-1: A 1.8 Million Math Instruction Tuning Dataset

Shubham Toshniwal, Ivan Moshkov, Sean Narenthiran +3

Recent work has shown the immense potential of synthetically generated datasets for training large language models (LLMs), especially for acquiring targeted skills. Current large-s…

cs.LG2023★ 3 cited

Learning to Reason and Memorize with Self-Notes

Jack Lanchantin, Shubham Toshniwal, Jason Weston +2

Large language models have been shown to struggle with multi-step reasoning, and do not retain previous reasoning steps for future use. We propose a simple method for solving both…

cs.CL2022★ 5 cited

Adapting Pretrained Text-to-Text Models for Long Text Sequences

Wenhan Xiong, Anchit Gupta, Shubham Toshniwal +2

We present an empirical study of adapting an existing pretrained text-to-text model for long-sequence inputs. Through a comprehensive study along three axes of the pretraining pipe…

cs.CL2022

Efficient and Interpretable Neural Models for Entity Tracking

Shubham Toshniwal

What would it take for a natural language model to understand a novel, such as The Lord of the Rings? Among other things, such a model must be able to: (a) identify and record new…

cs.CL2022★ 565 cited

Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models

Aarohi Srivastava, Abhinav Rastogi, Abhishek Rao +448

Language models demonstrate both quantitative improvement and new qualitative capabilities with increasing scale. Despite their potentially transformative impact, these new capabil…