A Comparison of Turbulence Generated by 3DS Sparse Grids With Different Blockage Ratios and Different Co-Frame Arrangements

M. Syed Usama, Nadeem A. Malik

A new type of grid turbulence generator, the 3D sparse grid (3DS), is a co-planar arrangement of co-frames each containing a different length scale of grid elements [Malik, N. A. U…