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gr-qc2025
From Spray to Metric: The Geometric Construction of the Jacobi Metric
Zonghai Li
This paper develops a systematic approach to the geometrization of dynamics from the viewpoint of the geodesic equation. The method promotes a semispray to a spray through the impo…
gr-qc2025
The bending of a straight line
Zonghai Li, Xiao-Jun Gao
In gravitational lensing under the weak-field approximation, the usual viewpoint is that light bending measures how a ray deviates from a straight line in Euclidean space. In this…