Nucleation at the GST--oxide interface and beam-driven ordering in amorphous Ge--Sb--Te: HAADF, EDS and electron pair distribution functions across a 4D-STEM dose series

Mridul Kumar, Kirill Sobolev, Alexander Upcher +1

Where crystal nuclei form in amorphous phase-change materials decides how they switch. We study six successive 4D-STEM scans, with simultaneous HAADF and EDS data, of a magnetron-s…