activity
20192026
most citedIndoLEM and IndoBERT: A Benchmark Dataset and Pre-trained Language Model for Indonesian NLP

32 citations · 170 across the 33 of their papers we have counts for

collaborators

36 papers

cs.AI2026

SkillGym: Training Skill-Use Agents with Automatic Verifiable Environment Generation

Renxi Wang, Mingshan Hee, Fajri Koto +2

Skills equip LLM agents with professional knowledge and guidance to complete long-horizon and complex tasks. Although skills have been widely adopted in recent agent paradigms and…

cs.LG2026

Training and Benchmarking Code Generation for Physics-Inspired Animations

Yanan Wang, Renxi Wang, Yongxin Wang +5

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely studied in areas such as mathematical reasoning, complex coding, and scientific problem solving. However, their ability to generate ex…

cs.AI2025

AgentFly: Scaling Agentic Reinforcement Learning with Unified Resource System

Renxi Wang, Rifo Ahmad Genadi, Bilal El Bouardi +6

Methods to build LLM agents have evolved from prompt engineering and supervised finetuning to agentic reinforcement learning (agentic RL). However, agentic RL remains bottlenecked…

cs.CL2025★ 1 cited

Sailor2: Sailing in South-East Asia with Inclusive Multilingual LLMs

Longxu Dou, Qian Liu, Fan Zhou +38

Sailor2 is a family of cutting-edge multilingual language models for South-East Asian (SEA) languages, available in 1B, 8B, and 20B sizes to suit diverse applications. Building on…

cs.CL2025★ 1 cited

KazMMLU: Evaluating Language Models on Kazakh, Russian, and Regional Knowledge of Kazakhstan

Mukhammed Togmanov, Nurdaulet Mukhituly, Diana Turmakhan +11

Despite having a population of twenty million, Kazakhstan's culture and language remain underrepresented in the field of natural language processing. Although large language models…

cs.LG2025

LLM360 K2: Building a 65B 360-Open-Source Large Language Model from Scratch

Zhengzhong Liu, Bowen Tan, Hongyi Wang +22

We detail the training of the LLM360 K2-65B model, scaling up our 360-degree OPEN SOURCE approach to the largest and most powerful models under project LLM360. While open-source LL…

cs.CL2024

Libra-Leaderboard: Towards Responsible AI through a Balanced Leaderboard of Safety and Capability

Haonan Li, Xudong Han, Zenan Zhai +32

To address this gap, we introduce Libra-Leaderboard, a comprehensive framework designed to rank LLMs through a balanced evaluation of performance and safety. Combining a dynamic le…

cs.CL2024★ 4 cited

INCLUDE: Evaluating Multilingual Language Understanding with Regional Knowledge

Angelika Romanou, Negar Foroutan, Anna Sotnikova +56

The performance differential of large language models (LLM) between languages hinders their effective deployment in many regions, inhibiting the potential economic and societal val…

cs.CL2024★ 1 cited

Cracking the Code: Multi-domain LLM Evaluation on Real-World Professional Exams in Indonesia

Fajri Koto

While knowledge evaluation in large language models has predominantly focused on academic subjects like math and physics, these assessments often fail to capture the practical dema…

cs.CL2024★ 2 cited

SEACrowd: A Multilingual Multimodal Data Hub and Benchmark Suite for Southeast Asian Languages

Holy Lovenia, Rahmad Mahendra, Salsabil Maulana Akbar +58

Southeast Asia (SEA) is a region rich in linguistic diversity and cultural variety, with over 1,300 indigenous languages and a population of 671 million people. However, prevailing…

cs.CV2024

CVQA: Culturally-diverse Multilingual Visual Question Answering Benchmark

David Romero, Chenyang Lyu, Haryo Akbarianto Wibowo +73

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is an important task in multimodal AI, and it is often used to test the ability of vision-language models to understand and reason on knowledge pres…

cs.CL2024

Cendol: Open Instruction-tuned Generative Large Language Models for Indonesian Languages

Samuel Cahyawijaya, Holy Lovenia, Fajri Koto +13

Large language models (LLMs) show remarkable human-like capability in various domains and languages. However, a notable quality gap arises in low-resource languages, e.g., Indonesi…

cs.CL2024

IndoCulture: Exploring Geographically-Influenced Cultural Commonsense Reasoning Across Eleven Indonesian Provinces

Fajri Koto, Rahmad Mahendra, Nurul Aisyah +1

Although commonsense reasoning is greatly shaped by cultural and geographical factors, previous studies have predominantly centered on cultures grounded in the English language, po…

cs.CL2024★ 2 cited

BEnQA: A Question Answering and Reasoning Benchmark for Bengali and English

Sheikh Shafayat, H M Quamran Hasan, Minhajur Rahman Chowdhury Mahim +3

In this study, we introduce BEnQA, a dataset comprising parallel Bengali and English exam questions for middle and high school levels in Bangladesh. Our dataset consists of approxi…

cs.CL2024★ 6 cited

Zero-shot Sentiment Analysis in Low-Resource Languages Using a Multilingual Sentiment Lexicon

Fajri Koto, Tilman Beck, Zeerak Talat +2

Improving multilingual language models capabilities in low-resource languages is generally difficult due to the scarcity of large-scale data in those languages. In this paper, we r…

cs.CL2024★ 1 cited

ArabicMMLU: Assessing Massive Multitask Language Understanding in Arabic

Fajri Koto, Haonan Li, Sara Shatnawi +10

The focus of language model evaluation has transitioned towards reasoning and knowledge-intensive tasks, driven by advancements in pretraining large models. While state-of-the-art…

cs.CL2023★ 3 cited

LLM360: Towards Fully Transparent Open-Source LLMs

Zhengzhong Liu, Aurick Qiao, Willie Neiswanger +25

The recent surge in open-source Large Language Models (LLMs), such as LLaMA, Falcon, and Mistral, provides diverse options for AI practitioners and researchers. However, most LLMs…

cs.CL2023

Large Language Models Only Pass Primary School Exams in Indonesia: A Comprehensive Test on IndoMMLU

Fajri Koto, Nurul Aisyah, Haonan Li +1

Although large language models (LLMs) are often pre-trained on large-scale multilingual texts, their reasoning abilities and real-world knowledge are mainly evaluated based on Engl…

cs.CL2023★ 23 cited

Jais and Jais-chat: Arabic-Centric Foundation and Instruction-Tuned Open Generative Large Language Models

Neha Sengupta, Sunil Kumar Sahu, Bokang Jia +29

We introduce Jais and Jais-chat, new state-of-the-art Arabic-centric foundation and instruction-tuned open generative large language models (LLMs). The models are based on the GPT-…

cs.CL2023

NusaWrites: Constructing High-Quality Corpora for Underrepresented and Extremely Low-Resource Languages

Samuel Cahyawijaya, Holy Lovenia, Fajri Koto +15

Democratizing access to natural language processing (NLP) technology is crucial, especially for underrepresented and extremely low-resource languages. Previous research has focused…

cs.CL2023★ 2 cited

Are Multilingual LLMs Culturally-Diverse Reasoners? An Investigation into Multicultural Proverbs and Sayings

Chen Cecilia Liu, Fajri Koto, Timothy Baldwin +1

Large language models (LLMs) are highly adept at question answering and reasoning tasks, but when reasoning in a situational context, human expectations vary depending on the relev…

cs.CL2023★ 16 cited

CMMLU: Measuring massive multitask language understanding in Chinese

Haonan Li, Yixuan Zhang, Fajri Koto +5

As the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, evaluating their performance becomes increasingly crucial and challenging. This paper aims to bridge this g…

cs.CL2023★ 6 cited

Bactrian-X: Multilingual Replicable Instruction-Following Models with Low-Rank Adaptation

Haonan Li, Fajri Koto, Minghao Wu +2

Instruction tuning has shown great promise in improving the performance of large language models. However, research on multilingual instruction tuning has been limited due to the s…

cs.CL2022★ 9 cited

NusaCrowd: Open Source Initiative for Indonesian NLP Resources

Samuel Cahyawijaya, Holy Lovenia, Alham Fikri Aji +44

We present NusaCrowd, a collaborative initiative to collect and unify existing resources for Indonesian languages, including opening access to previously non-public resources. Thro…