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complex permittivity extraction 1dielectric characterization 1genetic algorithms 1gradient enhancement 1multi-objective optimization 1

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cs.CE2026

Complex Permittivity Extraction of Polymer Materials Using Gradient-Enhanced NSGA-II Algorithm

Hanqing Zhang, Hanqing Qing, Zhuowei Li +3

The paper introduces a gradient‑enhanced NSGA‑II algorithm that combines global evolutionary search with local gradient refinement to efficiently extract complex permittivity and t…