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kibble-zurek mechanism 1large deviation theory 1phase transitions 1symmetry breaking 1topological defects 1

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1 paper

cond-mat.stat-mech2026

Rare Events Govern Defect Formation under Weak Symmetry Breaking

Jiang Liu, Peng Yang, Matteo Baggioli

The paper explains how rare fluctuations, analyzed via large‑deviation theory, control the formation of topological defects when a continuous phase transition occurs under weak exp…