4 citations · 4 across the 8 of their papers we have counts for
8 papers
Net Zero Averted Temperature Increase
R. Lindzen, W. Happer, W. A. van Wijngaarden
Using feedback-free estimates of the warming by increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and observed rates of increase, we estimate that if the United States (U.S.) eliminated n…
Effect of Greenhouse Gases on Thermal Emissivity by Clouds
W. A. van Wijngaarden, W. Happer
Greenhouse gases, most importantly water vapor, increase the emissivity and decrease the albedo of clouds for thermal radiation. The modifications, which can be of order 10% for op…
Radiation Transfer in Cloud Layers
W. A. van Wijngaarden, W. Happer
For 2n-stream radiation transfer theory, a stack of m clouds can be represented as an equivalent cloud. Individual clouds, indexed by c = 1, 2, 3, ..., m are characterized by 2n x…
Impact of Changing Greenhouse Gas Concentrations on Ontario's Climate
W. A. van Wijngaarden
The effect of changing greenhouse gas concentrations on climate was examined. Calculations of the climate sensitivity, the warming of the Earth due to a doubling of atmospheric CO2…
Atmosphere and Greenhouse Gas Primer
W. A. van Wijngaarden, W. Happer
We discuss how greenhouse gases affect radiation transfer in Earth's atmosphere. We explain how greenhouse gases like water vapor or carbon dioxide, differ from non-greenhouse gase…
2n-Stream Thermal Emissions from Clouds
W. A. van Wijngaarden, W. Happer
We analyze thermal emission of radiation in homogeneous clouds. The clouds have negligible horizontal variation, but the temperature can vary vertically. The radiation at optical d…