11 papers
Discrete Quantum Mechanics I: Quantum Covariance
Charles Francis
Classically general covariance is found from the idea that a vector is a physical quantity which exists independently of choice of coordinate system and is unchanged by a change of…
An Intuitive Approach to Special and General Relativity
Charles Francis
The k-calculus was advanced by Hermann Bondi as a means of explaining special relativity using only simple algebra (Bondi H.: Relativity and Common Sense, London, Heinemann, 1964).…
A Metric Determined by Photon Exchange
Charles Francis
The k-calculus was advanced by Hermann Bondi as a means of explaining special relativity using only simple algebra [1]. Bondi's argument was placed in the context of classical elec…
Discrete Quantum Electrodynamics
Charles Francis
The purpose of this paper is to construct a quantum field theory suitable for describing quantum electrodynamics and Yang-Mills theory in a form which satisfies the conditions of t…
An Alternative Model of Quark Confinement
Charles Francis
In "A Theory of Quantum Space-time" we constructed a form of field theory in which Feynman diagrams describe real particle interactions, not virtual ones. In this paper we outline…
Conceptual Foundations of Special and General Relativity
Charles Francis
The k-calculus was advocated by Hermann Bondi as a means of explaining special relativity using only GCSE level mathematics and ideas. We review the central derivations, using proo…