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Classical Electromagnetic Derivation of the Bohr Spectrum
Timothy H. Boyer
Classical electrodynamics including Lorentz-invariant classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation leads to a ground state and resonant excited states for a charged particle in a…
Conformal Symmetry and Planck's Thermal Radiation in Classical Physics
Timothy H. Boyer
Thermal radiation is discussed for a classical scalar field. Dilation and acceleration appear in conformal symmetry, and so are treated in connection with zero-point radiation and…
Hydrogen Molecular Ion and Molecule in Classical Electrodynamics with Classical Zero-Point Radiation
Timothy H. Boyer
The hydrogen molecular ion and the hydrogen molecule are treated in an approximate calculation based on classical electrodynamics which includes classical zero-point radiation. It…
Magnetic Field Applied to the Classical Hydrogen Atom Treated in Classical Electrodynamics with Classical Zero-Point Radiation
Timothy H. Boyer
An external magnetic field is applied to the classical hydrogen atom treated in classical electromagnetic theory including classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation. In an ear…
Criterion for the Thermal Radiation Spectrum in Classical Physics
Timothy H. Boyer
Two criteria for the spectra of relativistic waves are proposed. Zero-point radiation provides the identity representation of the conformal group in Minkowski spacetime. Thermal ra…
Zeeman effect in hydrogen treated in classical physics with classical zero-point radiation
Timothy H. Boyer
The Zeeman effect for the low resonant energy states of hydrogen is treated with classical electrodynamics including classical zero-point radiation. The electron is regarded as a c…
Relativistic hydrogen in classical electrodynamics with classical zero-point radiation
Timothy H. Boyer
Classical electrodynamics including classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation leads to a ground state and resonant excited states for a charged particle in a Coulomb potential…
Classical linear oscillator in classical electrodynamics with classical zero-point radiation
Timothy H. Boyer
A classical linear oscillator is treated in the small amplitude limit so that it will be approximately relativistic. The oscillator involves a charge particle in a linear potential…
Conformal Symmetry and the Thermal Effects of Acceleration in Classical Physic
Timothy H Boyer
An accelerating Rindler frame in Minkowski spacetime acting for a finite time interval is used to carry a box of particles or waves between two relativistic inertial frames. The fi…
Point-Charge Models and Averages for Electromagnetic Quantities Considered in Two Relativistic Inertial Frames
Timothy H. Boyer
Electromagnetic quantities at a spacetime point have tensor Lorentz transformations between relatively-moving inertial frames. However, since the Lorentz transformation of time bet…
A Charged Particle Must Be Treated Relativistically in Classical Theory
Timothy H. Boyer
A charged particle which is allowed to accelerate must have relativistic behavior because it is coupled to electromagnetic radiation which propagates at the speed of light. We trea…
The Classical Aharonov-Bohm Interaction as a Relativity Paradox
Timothy H. Boyer
The situation of a charged particle passing down the symmetry axis through a magnetic toroid presents a relativity paradox; different inertial frames suggest different forces on th…
Classical Electromagnetic Interaction of a Charge with a Solenoid or Toroid
Timothy H. Boyer
The Aharonov-Bohm phase shift in a particle interference pattern when electrons pass a long solenoid is identical in form with the optical interference pattern shift when a piece o…
Concerning Classical Forces, Energies, and Potentials for Accelerated Point Charges
Timothy H. Boyer
Although the expressions for energy densities involving electric and magnetic fields are exactly analogous, the connections to forces and electromagnetic potentials are vastly diff…
Disguised Electromagnetic Connections in Classical Electron Theory
Timothy H. Boyer
In the first quarter of the 20th century, physicists were not aware of the existence of classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation nor of the importance of special relativity.…
Thermal Radiation Equilibrium: (Nonrelativistic) Classical Mechanics versus (Relativistic) Classical Electrodynamics
Timothy H. Boyer
Energy equipartition is appropriate only for nonrelativistic classical mechanics, but has only limited relevance for a relativistic theory such as classical electrodynamics. In thi…
Relativity and Radiation Balance for the Classical Hydrogen Atom in Classical Electromagnetic Zero-Point Radiation
Timothy H. Boyer
Here we review the understanding of the classical hydrogen atom in classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation, and emphasize the importance of special relativity. The crucial m…
Conflict Between Classical Mechanics and Electromagnetism: The Harmonic Oscillator in Equilibrium with a Bath
Timothy H. Boyer
It is pointed out that an electric charge oscillating in a one-dimensional purely-harmonic potential is in detailed balance at its harmonics with a radiation bath whose energy $U_{…
Stochastic Electrodynamics: The Closest Classical Approximation to Quantum Theory
Timothy H. Boyer
Stochastic electrodynamics is the classical electrodynamic theory of interacting point charges which includes random classical radiation with a Lorentz-invariant spectrum whose sca…
Equilibrium for Classical Zero-Point Radiation: Detailed Balance Under Scattering by a Classical Charged Harmonic Oscillator
Timothy H. Boyer
It has been shown repeatedly over a period of 50 years that the use of relativistic classical physics and the inclusion of classical electromagnetic zero-point radiation leads to t…
Blackbody Radiation in Classical Physics: A Historical Perspective
Timothy H. Boyer
We point out that current textbooks of modern physics are a century out-of-date in their treatment of blackbody radiation within classical physics. Relativistic classical electrody…
Scaling, Scattering, and Blackbody Radiation in Classical Physics
Timothy H. Boyer
Here we discuss blackbody radiation within the context of classical theory. We note that nonrelativistic classical mechanics and relativistic classical electrodynamics have contras…
Interference Between Source-Free Radiation and Radiation from Sources: Particle-Like Behavior for Classical Radiation
Timothy H. Boyer
A simple junior-level electrodynamics problem is used to illustrate the interference between a source-free standing plane wave and a wave generated by a pulse in a current sheet. D…
The Planck Blackbody Spectrum Follows from the Structure of Relativistic Spacetime
Timothy H. Boyer
Here we show that within classical physics, the Planck blackbody spectrum can be derived directly from the structure of relativistic spacetime. In noninertial frames, thermal radia…