Geometry-Driven Islanding Detection and Fault Classification for Grid-Forming Inverters: A Normally Hyperbolic Invariant Manifold Framework with Physics-Derived Thresholds

Shubh Arekar, Aditi Ramteke, Kshitij Gaikwad +4

This paper presents a geometry-driven detection and fault-classification framework for grid-forming (GFM) inverters based on normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds (NAIM) and stoc…