14 citations · 25 across the 4 of their papers we have counts for
3 papers · 1 filter
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in Quantum Finance
Ivan Arraut, Alan Au, Alan Ching-biu Tse
We analyze the phenomena of spontaneous symmetry breaking in Quantum Finance by using as a starting point the Black-Scholes (BS) and the Merton-Garman (MG) equations expressed in t…
On the multiplicity of the martingale condition: Spontaneous symmetry breaking in Quantum Finance
Ivan Arraut, Alan Au, Alan Ching-biu Tse
We demonstrate that the martingale condition in the stock market can be interpreted as a vacuum condition when we express the financial equations in the Hamiltonian form. We then s…
On the probability flow in the Stock market I: The Black-Scholes case
Ivan Arraut, Alan Au, Alan Ching-biu Tse +1
It is known that the probability is not a conserved quantity in the stock market, given the fact that it corresponds to an open system. In this paper we analyze the flow of probabi…