Comparing Zeeman qubits to hyperfine qubits in the context of the surface code: ${}^{174}$Yb${}^{+}$ and ${}^{171}$Yb${}^{+}$

Natalie C. Brown, Kenneth R. Brown

Many systems used for quantum computing possess additional states beyond those defining the qubit. Leakage out of the qubit subspace must be considered when designing quantum error…