activity
20192025
most citedExplainable Text Classification in Legal Document Review A Case Study of Explainable Predictive Coding

36 citations · 97 across the 14 of their papers we have counts for

collaborators

15 papers

cs.IR2025

Exploiting the Randomness of Large Language Models (LLM) in Text Classification Tasks: Locating Privileged Documents in Legal Matters

Keith Huffman, Jianping Zhang, Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet +2

In legal matters, text classification models are most often used to filter through large datasets in search of documents that meet certain pre-selected criteria like relevance to a…

cs.IR2025

Leveraging Machine Learning and Large Language Models for Automated Image Clustering and Description in Legal Discovery

Qiang Mao, Fusheng Wei, Robert Neary +4

The rapid increase in digital image creation and retention presents substantial challenges during legal discovery, digital archive, and content management. Corporations and legal t…

cs.IR2025

A Comparative Study of Retrieval Methods in Azure AI Search

Qiang Mao, Han Qin, Robert Neary +4

Increasingly, attorneys are interested in moving beyond keyword and semantic search to improve the efficiency of how they find key information during a document review task. Large…

cs.IR2025

Detecting Privileged Documents by Ranking Connected Network Entities

Jianping Zhang, Han Qin, Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet

This paper presents a link analysis approach for identifying privileged documents by constructing a network of human entities derived from email header metadata. Entities are class…

cs.IR2023

Explainable Text Classification Techniques in Legal Document Review: Locating Rationales without Using Human Annotated Training Text Snippets

Christian Mahoney, Peter Gronvall, Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet +1

US corporations regularly spend millions of dollars reviewing electronically-stored documents in legal matters. Recently, attorneys apply text classification to efficiently cull ma…

cs.IR2021★ 1 cited

CNN Application in Detection of Privileged Documents in Legal Document Review

Rishi Chhatwal, Robert Keeling, Peter Gronvall +3

Protecting privileged communications and data from disclosure is paramount for legal teams. Legal advice, such as attorney-client communications or litigation strategy are typicall…

cs.CV2019

Image Analytics for Legal Document Review: A Transfer Learning Approach

Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet, Fusheng Wei, Haozhen Zhao +3

Though technology assisted review in electronic discovery has been focusing on text data, the need of advanced analytics to facilitate reviewing multimedia content is on the rise.…

cs.IR2019★ 7 cited

A Framework for Explainable Text Classification in Legal Document Review

Christian J. Mahoney, Jianping Zhang, Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet +2

Companies regularly spend millions of dollars producing electronically-stored documents in legal matters. Recently, parties on both sides of the 'legal aisle' are accepting the use…

cs.IR2019★ 6 cited

Empirical Comparisons of CNN with Other Learning Algorithms for Text Classification in Legal Document Review

Robert Keeling, Rishi Chhatwal, Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet +5

Research has shown that Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) can be effectively applied to text classification as part of a predictive coding protocol. That said, most research to d…

cs.IR2019

Evaluation of Seed Set Selection Approaches and Active Learning Strategies in Predictive Coding

Christian J. Mahoney, Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet, Haozhen Zhao +3

Active learning is a popular methodology in text classification - known in the legal domain as "predictive coding" or "Technology Assisted Review" or "TAR" - due to its potential t…

cs.IR2019★ 2 cited

An Empirical Study of the Application of Machine Learning and Keyword Terms Methodologies to Privilege-Document Review Projects in Legal Matters

Peter Gronvall, Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet, Jianping Zhang +3

Protecting privileged communications and data from disclosure is paramount for legal teams. Unrestricted legal advice, such as attorney-client communications or litigation strategy…

cs.IR2019★ 36 cited

Explainable Text Classification in Legal Document Review A Case Study of Explainable Predictive Coding

Rishi Chhatwal, Peter Gronvall, Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet +3

In today's legal environment, lawsuits and regulatory investigations require companies to embark upon increasingly intensive data-focused engagements to identify, collect and analy…

cs.IR2019★ 18 cited

Empirical Evaluations of Active Learning Strategies in Legal Document Review

Rishi Chhatwal, Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet, Robert Keeling +2

One type of machine learning, text classification, is now regularly applied in the legal matters involving voluminous document populations because it can reduce the time and expens…

cs.IR2019★ 27 cited

Empirical Evaluations of Preprocessing Parameters' Impact on Predictive Coding's Effectiveness

Rishi Chhatwal, Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet, Robert Keeling +2

Predictive coding, once used in only a small fraction of legal and business matters, is now widely deployed to quickly cull through increasingly vast amounts of data and reduce the…

cs.IR2019

Empirical Evaluations of Seed Set Selection Strategies for Predictive Coding

Christian J. Mahoney, Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet, Katie Jensen +3

Training documents have a significant impact on the performance of predictive models in the legal domain. Yet, there is limited research that explores the effectiveness of the trai…