Left orderability, foliations, and transverse $({\pi }_1,\mathbb{R})$ structures for $3$-manifolds with sphere boundary

Bojun Zhao

Let $M$ be a closed orientable irreducible $3$-manifold such that ${\pi }_1(M)$ is left orderable. (a) Let $M_0=M-Int(B^3)$, where $B^3$ is a compact $3$-ball in $M$. We have a…