Novel $\pi$-type vortex in a nanoscale extreme type-II superconductor: Induced by quantum-size effect

Haiyan Huang, Qing Liu, Wenhui Zhang +1

By numerically solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, we report a novel $\pi$-type vortex state whose order parameter near the core undergoes an extraordinary $\pi$-phase change f…