11 papers
Duality in Biperiodic Fibonacci Words Substitution Frequencies and Combinatorial Invariants
Jasem Hamoud
In this paper, a natural duality on the family of biperiodic Fibonacci words generated by the directive sequence . Both of $\mathfrak{F}^{(a…
On Epimorphisms of Hypergraphic Automata and Input Symbol Semigroups
Jasem Hamoud
Hypergraphic automata are automata whose state sets and output symbol sets are hypergraphs invariant under the actions of the transition and output functions. Universally attractin…
Sharp Bounds and Extremal Fuzzy Graphs for the Fuzzy Sombor Index
Jasem Hamoud
The fuzzy Sombor index applies the classical Sombor index to fuzzy graphs, incorporating both edge membership values and fuzzy vertex degrees. For , the general fuzzy Sombor…
Theta-Relations Among Degree-Based Tree Indices
Duaa Abdullah, Jasem Hamoud
In this paper, degree-based topological indices play a key role in the structural analysis of graphs in this paper and have significant uses in chemical graph theory. We investigat…
Structural Components Dominate Asymptotic Behavior on Sombor Index with Iterated Pendant Constructions
Jasem Hamoud
The Sombor index, a degree-based topological descriptor introduced by Gutman in 2021, lacks closed-form expressions for complex hierarchical trees with multi-level pendant structur…
On Extremal Family Trees Beyond Caterpillars and Greedy Constructions
Jasem Hamoud, Duaa Abdullah
This paper investigates topological indices for the greedy tree associated with a graphic degree sequence $\mathscr{D} = (d_1 \geqslant d_2 \geqslant \dot…