10 citations · 14 across the 5 of their papers we have counts for
4 papers · 2 filters
A Formal Framework for Linguistic Annotation (revised version)
Steven Bird, Mark Liberman
`Linguistic annotation' covers any descriptive or analytic notations applied to raw language data. The basic data may be in the form of time functions - audio, video and/or physiol…
Many uses, many annotations for large speech corpora: Switchboard and TDT as case studies
David Graff, Steven Bird
This paper discusses the challenges that arise when large speech corpora receive an ever-broadening range of diverse and distinct annotations. Two case studies of this process are…
Towards a query language for annotation graphs
Steven Bird, Peter Buneman, Wang-Chiew Tan
The multidimensional, heterogeneous, and temporal nature of speech databases raises interesting challenges for representation and query. Recently, annotation graphs have been propo…
ATLAS: A flexible and extensible architecture for linguistic annotation
Steven Bird, David Day, John Garofolo +3
We describe a formal model for annotating linguistic artifacts, from which we derive an application programming interface (API) to a suite of tools for manipulating these annotatio…